AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The features of the xerophytic plant leaves are:(i) Leathery surface(ii) Large surface area(iii) Waxy cuticle(iv) Sunken stomata on upper epidermis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Xerophytes have thick cuticles, lost or finely divided leaves, reduced stomata, and CAM photosynthesis. Water storage adaptations include succulence and protective coverings of color, wax, hair, and/or spines.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plants with adaptations which allow them to live in hot and dry conditions are called xerophytic . The following adaptations allow plants to survive in the hot desert environment: Small leaves-these ensure that less water is lost from the plant by transpiration because the leaf has a smaller surface area.

Detailed explanation-4: -Xerophytes have special structural (xeromorphic) and functional modifications, including swollen water-storing stems or leaves (see succulent) and specialized leaves that may be hairy, rolled, or reduced to spines or have a thick cuticle to lower the rate of transpiration.

Detailed explanation-5: -So, the correct answer is ‘Spongy parenchyma’.