AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -THE model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly known as baker’s yeast or brewer’s yeast.

Detailed explanation-2: -Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Figure A) is the budding yeast used for bread-making, where the carbon dioxide produced by growth in the dough causes the bread to rise. Essentially similar yeasts, but now given different species names, are used for production of beers, wines and other alcoholic drinks.

Detailed explanation-3: -Examples of Budding Bacteria, yeast, corals, flatworms, Jellyfish and sea anemones are some animal species which reproduce through budding.

Detailed explanation-4: -(a) Budding: This method is used by unicellular plants, like yeast. Yeast is a fungus and fungi are also known as non-green plants. The yeast cell produces a bud which gets its own nucleus. The bud develops to certain size and detaches from the mother cell to produce the new yeast.

Detailed explanation-5: -Budding in yeast: Budding is a type of asexual reproduction seen in yeast, hydra etc. It is the process of development of a smaller bud from an adult organism directly without involvement of any gametes. A soft zone appears in the cell wall of vegetative cells. Small buds will bulge out from this zone.