AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Stems that grow horizontally on the ground are called runners. As these runners grow, buds form at the nodes, which later develop the roots and shoots, resulting in the formation of a new plant.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stem cuttings can be taken from both herbaceous plants (e.g., garden flowers and houseplants) and woody trees and shrubs. Because the new growth of trees and shrubs hardens as the summer progresses, cuttings taken at different times of the year vary in their ability to form roots.

Detailed explanation-3: -Not every plant grows from a seed. Some plants, like ferns and mosses, grow from spores. Other plants use asexual vegetative reproduction and grow new plants from rhizomes or tubers. We can also use techniques like grafting or take cuttings to make new plants.

Detailed explanation-4: -Starting new plants from favorites isn’t just for expert gardeners. Even beginners can successfully multiply plants by rooting simple stem cuttings. Known as “propagation, ” starting plants from cuttings is one of the easiest and least expensive ways to expand your garden, but there are other benefits, too.

Detailed explanation-5: -The term “shoots” is often confused with “stems"; “shoots” generally refers to new fresh plant growth including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers.