AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Spore formation: In some protists, spores are formed for sexual reproduction. Spores have some sort of covering to withstand unfavourable conditions. On germination, each spore gives rise to a new individual. Examples: Slime moulds.

Detailed explanation-2: -The spore is formed as a response to adverse conditions. Bacterial spore is a resistant structure to unfavorable environmental conditions. Each cell produces only one spore and each spore germinate to one vegetative cell. The spore is just a part of the life cycle of spore forming bacteria under unfavorable conditions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vascular plants and fungi are examples of asexual organisms that reproduce by spore formation.

Detailed explanation-4: -The spores are asexual reproductive bodies. Each tiny spore is covered by a hard protective coat known as a cyst to withstand unfavorable conditions such as high temperature and low humidity. So they can survive for a long time.