AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gemmula are internal buds found in sponges and are involved in the reproduction of asexuals. It is an asexually replicated mass of cells capable of evolving into a new organism, i.e. an adult sponge.

Detailed explanation-2: -Starfish exhibit an asexual mode of reproduction through binary fission and regeneration. Starfish is a bisexual organism and undergoes regeneration as a method for asexual reproduction. In binary fission, the parent organism’s cell divides exactly into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bacteria and archaea reproduce asexually by splitting one cell into two equal halves in a process called binary fission (Figure 1).

Detailed explanation-4: -The multiarmed sea star Coscinasterias acutispina generally has 7-10 arms and 2-5 madreporites. It is known to be able to reproduce by asexual fission, and we have previously observed that this species also has the ability to reproduce sexually; however, there has been no report until now of spawning in this species.