AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -By providing species-specific signals, flower fragrances facilitate an insect’s ability to learn particular food sources, thereby increasing its foraging efficiency. At the same time, successful pollen transfer (and thus, sexual reproduction) is ensured, which is beneficial to plants.

Detailed explanation-2: -The flowers use coordinated signals of color and fragrance to attract insects, which acquire pollen during floral visits and ensure pollination of the plants. In turn, the insects benefit by acquiring nectar and pollen as food.

Detailed explanation-3: -Flowering plants need to get pollen from one flower to another, either within a plant for self-pollination or between plants of the same species for cross-pollination to occur. However, pollen can’t move on its own, so animals or the wind (and water in rare cases) move the pollen for plants.

Detailed explanation-4: -Petals are brightly pigmented or colored to attract insects for pollination. They also protect the inner floral whorls in bud stage. For example, bees are drawn to plants with open or flat tubular flowers with lots of pollen and nectar.

Detailed explanation-5: -Flowers are colourful and fragrant to facilitate insect pollination. Insects get attracted to Bright colours and fragrance and when they reach the flower, pollens stick to their body and hence get pollinated .