AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An ionic bond is formed by the complete transfer of some electrons from one atom to another. The atom losing one or more electrons becomes a cation-a positively charged ion.

Detailed explanation-2: -Covalent Bonds A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted by the two atomic nuclei.

Detailed explanation-3: -Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.

Detailed explanation-4: -A molecule is a structure that consists of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together. The structure might be an elemental or compound molecule. An elemental molecule contains only one type of atom, such as ozone (O3) or chlorine (Cl2). A compound molecule is made up of one or more different elements.

Detailed explanation-5: -A covalent bond forms when two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons . The electrons involved are in the outer shells of the atoms. An atom that shares one or more of its electrons will complete its outer shell. Covalent bonds are strong – a lot of energy is needed to break them.