AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fermentation is another anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) pathway for breaking down glucose, one that’s performed by many types of organisms and cells. In fermentation, the only energy extraction pathway is glycolysis, with one or two extra reactions tacked on at the end.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fermentation does not require oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Fermentation will replenish NAD+ from the NADH + H+ produced in glycolysis. One type of fermentation is alcohol fermentation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Anaerobic respiration is a normal part of cellular respiration. Glycolysis, which is the first step in all types of cellular respiration is anaerobic and does not require oxygen. If oxygen is present, the pathway will continue on to the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anaerobic digestion is a process through which bacteria break down organic matter-such as animal manure, wastewater biosolids, and food wastes-in the absence of oxygen.

Detailed explanation-5: -Anaerobic respiration is the process by which cells break down sugars to produce energy without oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is also called fermentation. Fermentation mainly occurs in yeast cells, bacteria, and muscle cells of animals.