AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Enzymes enhance the rate of reaction by lowering down the activation energy of transition state. The cofactor is nonprotein substance required by an enzyme for normal activity. Coenzymes are organic substances that serve as cofactors. Thus, the correct answer is option E.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: Of the following regarding enzymes, enzymes being consumed by the reaction they catalyze is incorrect. Enzymes are special in that they’re able to catalyze many different reactions without being consumed or used up by the specific reaction.

Detailed explanation-3: -Enzymes allow chemical reactions to proceed with activation energy provided by the catabolism of ATP. When cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, they use 2 molecules of ATP as activation energy and gain 36 to 38 molecules of ATP in return. Without enzymes, this would not be possible.

Detailed explanation-4: -This statement about enzymes is true: Enzymes accelerate reactions by lowering the activation energy. Enzymes are proteins whose three-dimensional form is key to their function. Enzymes do not alter the overall change in free energy for a reaction.

Detailed explanation-5: -Desolvation or taking reactants out of the solution state. Establishing weak bonds between the reactants and enzyme. Bringing the reactant molecules closer in the region of the active sites of enzymes. Development of strain in the bonds of the reactants by the electrophilic and nucleophilic attack.