AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A chemical substance that can attach itself with the enzyme in place of the substrate and hinder its activity temporarily or permanently is called an inhibitor. Inhibitors block the active site of enzymes temporarily or permanently and as a result, substrates cannot be converted into products.

Detailed explanation-2: -Some enzyme inhibitors covalently bind to the active site of the enzyme and inhibit its total activity, thus known as enzyme poison. This type of inhibition is irreversible (permanent). Some enzyme inhibitors can be used as a medicine or as metabolic poison in the treatment of a particular disease.

Detailed explanation-3: -Like all catalysts, enzymes take part in the reaction-that is how they provide an alternative reaction pathway. But they do not undergo permanent changes and so remain unchanged at the end of the reaction.

Detailed explanation-4: -In biology and biochemistry, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. The active site consists of amino acid residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate (binding site) and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate (catalytic site).

Detailed explanation-5: -First, the enzyme substrate complex is only temporary. This means that once the substrate has changed, it can no longer bind to the enzyme. The products are released and the enzyme is ready for another substrate molecule.