AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Two special and common types of proteins are enzymes and hormones. Enzymes, which are produced by living cells, are catalysts in biochemical reactions (like digestion) and are usually complex or conjugated proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chemically, hormones may be classified as either proteins or steroids. All of the hormones in the human body, except the sex hormones and those from the adrenal cortex, are proteins or protein derivatives.

Detailed explanation-3: -All enzymes are generally proteins. There are some exceptions like ribozymes (RNA with catalytic activity). The hormones may be polypeptides, terpenoids, steroids, phenolics compounds or amines.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enzymes are proteins comprised of amino acids linked together in one or more polypeptide chains. This sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is called the primary structure. This, in turn, determines the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme, including the shape of the active site.

Detailed explanation-5: -These “chemicals” can be categorised as enzymes and hormones. One of the major differences between enzymes and hormones is that enzymes act as a catalyst for a reaction, and hormones act as messengers that trigger various functions in the body.