AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will grab on (bind) to one or more reactant molecules. These molecules are the enzyme’s substrates. In some reactions, one substrate is broken down into multiple products. In others, two substrates come together to create one larger molecule or to swap pieces.

Detailed explanation-2: -The molecules that an enzyme works with are called substrates. The substrates bind to a region on the enzyme called the active site. There are two theories explaining the enzyme-substrate interaction.

Detailed explanation-3: -Substrate. This molecule can also be called as a reactant. For example, in glycolysis, the substrate molecule during the first step is glucose.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enzymes are generally quite specific for their substrates. Although lactase and pepsin both catalyze the same type of reaction, breaking a bond using water (hydrolysis: “hydro” means “water” and “lysis” means “to break”), lactase only functions when lactose is its substrate and pepsin can only break peptide bonds.