AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the active site (since that’s where the catalytic “action” happens). A substrate enters the active site of the enzyme. This forms the enzyme-substrate complex.

Detailed explanation-2: -In an enzymatic reaction, a substrate is the substance on which an enzyme operates. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction.

Detailed explanation-3: -Active site or catalytic site is the specific place in the enzyme where the substrate binds.

Detailed explanation-4: -When an enzyme binds its substrate, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. This complex lowers the activation energy of the reaction and promotes its rapid progression by providing certain ions or chemical groups that actually form covalent bonds with molecules as a necessary step of the reaction process.

Detailed explanation-5: -Binding of the substrate to the enzyme involves noncovalent bonds, such as hydrogen bonds, ionic attractions, hydrophobic bonds, and van der Waals interactions. The chemical groups at the active site are spatially arranged to face and interact with groups in the substrate, fixing them in the proper position.