AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The complete set of proteins made by an organism. Proteins are made in different amounts and at different times, depending on how they work, when they are needed, and how they interact with other proteins inside cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -The proteome is defined as the expressed protein complement of a cell, organ, or organism and it includes all isoform and posttranslational variants.

Detailed explanation-3: -The genomes of viruses and prokaryotes encode a relatively well-defined proteome as each protein can be predicted with high confidence, based on its open reading frame (in viruses ranging from  3 to  1000, in bacteria ranging from about 500 proteins to about 10, 000).

Detailed explanation-4: -Thanks to the human genome project, we can now estimate the number of protein-coding genes to be in the range of 19, 587–20, 245 (refs. 1, 3, 4). Thus, if a single representative protein from every gene is used as the definition of the proteome, the estimated size is just  20, 000.

Detailed explanation-5: -A proteome is a set of proteins produced in an organism, system, or biological context. We may refer to, for instance, the proteome of a species (for example, Homo sapiens) or an organ (for example, the liver). The proteome is not constant; it differs from cell to cell and changes over time.