AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The amino acid sequence is known as the primary structure of the protein. Stretches of polypeptide chain that form helices and sheets constitute the protein’s secondary structure.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are two common types of secondary structure (Figure 11). The most prevalent is the alpha helix. The alpha helix (-helix) has a right-handed spiral conformation, in which every backbone N-H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C=O. group of the amino acid four residues before it in the sequence.

Detailed explanation-3: -The secondary structure arises from the hydrogen bonds formed between atoms of the polypeptide backbone. The hydrogen bonds form between the partially negative oxygen atom and the partially positive nitrogen atom.

Detailed explanation-4: -When connected together by a series of peptide bonds, amino acids form a polypeptide, another word for protein.

Detailed explanation-5: -Tertiary structure is formed by the folding of the secondary structure sheets or helices into one another. The tertiary structure of protein is the geometric shape of the protein.