AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The cell can control a metabolic pathway by the presence or absence of a particular enzyme. The cell can also regulate the rate of reaction of key enzymes. Enzymes are able to bind to their substrate because they have an active site.

Detailed explanation-2: -In order to bolster a particular pathway, cells can increase the amount of a necessary (rate-limiting) enzyme or use activators to convert that enzyme into an active conformation. Conversely, to slow down or halt a pathway, cells can decrease the amount of an enzyme or use inhibitors to make the enzyme inactive.

Detailed explanation-3: -Concept of control and regulation Regulation of metabolic pathways includes regulation of an enzyme in a pathway by increasing or decreasing its response to signals. Control involves monitoring the effects that these changes in an enzyme’s activity have on the overall rate of the pathway.

Detailed explanation-4: -Metabolic enzymes encompass a wide range of different protein classes, including carboxylases, dehydrogenases, lipoxygenases, oxidoreductases, kinases, lyases, transferases, and more.

Detailed explanation-5: -Regulatory enzymes, which facilitate the transferring of phosphate groups to the specific substrates, are called kinases. Protein kinases are the numerous groups of kinases, which involve in the regulation of cell function and further modification.