AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Other enzymes contain a nonprotein component called a cofactor that is necessary for the enzyme’s proper functioning. There are two types of cofactors: inorganic ions [e.g., zinc or Cu(I) ions] and organic molecules known as coenzymes. Most coenzymes are vitamins or are derived from vitamins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cofactors can either be ions, such as zinc and iron ions, or organic molecules, such as vitamins or vitamin-derived molecules. Many of these cofactors will attach near the substrate binding site to facilitate the binding of the substrate to the enzyme.

Detailed explanation-3: -Coenzymes. Some enzymes are active without coenzymes. However many, require a coenzyme to be active. An enzyme that is inactive in the absence of its coenzyme is called an apoenzyme.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cofactors can be metals or small organic molecules, and their primary function is to assist in enzyme activity. They are able to assist in performing certain, necessary, reactions the enzyme cannot perform alone.

Detailed explanation-5: -A cofactor is any non-protein substance required for a protein to be catalytically active. Some cofactors are inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in various oxidation states. Others, such as most vitamins, are organic.