AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Words ending in-ose: The suffix-ose is used in biochemistry to form the names of sugars. In Latin this suffix means “full of”, “abounding in”, or “like”. Sucrose, dextrose, glucose, maltose, fructose, and lactose are all scientific names for different types of sugar.

Detailed explanation-2: -Common monosaccharides include: glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose. Notice that the name of each of these sugars ends with the suffix-ose. This suffix, -ose, means full, specifically, full of oxygen. The names of most all sugars will end with this suffix.

Detailed explanation-3: -All monosaccharides are reducing sugars because they either have an aldehyde group (if they are aldoses) or can tautomerize in solution to form an aldehyde group (if they are ketoses). This includes common monosaccharides like galactose, glucose, glyceraldehyde, fructose, ribose, and xylose.

Detailed explanation-4: -The majority of sugar digestion occurs in the intestine. Various enzymes are specific to certain sugars. For instance, the enzyme lactase breaks down lactose into the monosaccharides glucose and galactose. Other enzymes include maltase, sucrase and isomaltase, which digest maltose, sucrose and isomaltose, respectively.