AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Carbohydrates = energy for cells. Carbohydrates are made of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), or CHO, in an approximate ratio of 1:2:1. All sugars are carbohydrates.

Detailed explanation-2: -For simple carbohydrates, the ratio of carbon-to-hydrogen-to-oxygen in the molecule is 1:2:1. This formula also explains the origin of the term “carbohydrate”: the components are carbon ( “ carbo”) and the components of water ( “ hydrate”).

Detailed explanation-3: -Carbohydrates can be represented by the formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are four classes of macromolecules (polysaccharides or carbohydrates, triglycerides or lipids, polypeptides or proteins, and nucleic acids such as DNA & RNA). Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON).

Detailed explanation-5: -Carbohydrates have the highest oxygen to carbon ratio of any of the important organic molecules. Common monosaccharides include: glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, and deoxyribose. Notice that the name of each of these sugars ends with the suffix-ose. This suffix, -ose, means full, specifically, full of oxygen.