AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A polar covalent bond is a covalent bond in which the atoms have an unequal attraction for electrons, so the sharing is unequal. In a polar covalent bond, sometimes simply called a polar bond, the distribution of shared electrons within the molecule is no longer symmetrical (see figure below).

Detailed explanation-2: -Polar molecules are asymmetric, either containing lone pairs of electrons on a central atom or having atoms with different electronegativities bonded.

Detailed explanation-3: -Dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

Detailed explanation-4: -All symmetrical molecules are non-polar and all asymmetrical molecules are polar. Although symmetrical molecules may have dipoles the dipoles cancel out due to the symmetrical nature of the molecule.

Detailed explanation-5: -If the atoms in the molecule are symmetrical, the charges are balanced by each other. The molecules are considered to be nonpolar. However, if the molecule is asymmetrical, it is considered to be polar. So if it is lopsided, it is polar.