AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted by the two atomic nuclei. A covalent bond forms when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to occur to form ions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer and Explanation: Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons by two atoms. Now, the reason that they share electrons with each other is that they need to complete their octet and attain a stable noble gas configuration.

Detailed explanation-4: -Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. Ionic bonds form when two or more ions come together and are held together by charge differences.