AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Strong linkages-called covalent bonds-hold together the hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red) atoms of individual H2O molecules. Covalent bonds occur when two atoms-in this case oxygen and hydrogen-share electrons with each other.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the case of water, hydrogen bonds form between neighboring hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. The attraction between individual water molecules creates a bond known as a hydrogen bond.

Detailed explanation-3: -How many covalent bonds hold the water molecule together? A: The oxygen atom shares one pair of valence electrons with each hydrogen atom. Each pair of shared electrons represents one covalent bond, so two covalent bonds hold the water molecule together.

Detailed explanation-4: -Water is a Polar Covalent Molecule The unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms and the unsymmetrical shape of the molecule means that a water molecule has two poles-a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side).

Detailed explanation-5: -Key Concepts. The water molecule, as a whole, has 10 protons and 10 electrons, so it is neutral. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms share electrons in covalent bonds, but the sharing is not equal.