AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The high specific heat index of water also helps regulate the rate at which air changes temperature, which is why the temperature change between seasons is gradual rather than sudden, especially near the oceans. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Detailed explanation-2: -Water has a high specific heat, meaning it takes more energy to increase the temperature of water compared to other substances.

Detailed explanation-3: -Water’s high heat capacity is a property caused by hydrogen bonding among water molecules. When heat is absorbed, hydrogen bonds are broken and water molecules can move freely. When the temperature of water decreases, the hydrogen bonds are formed and release a considerable amount of energy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Specific Heat: Water has a very high heat capacity. This means that it retains heat for a long time relative to the air. One important result of this is that large bodies of water moderate temperature. Coastal areas have less extreme summer and winter temperatures than the interior of major land masses.

Detailed explanation-5: -Superheated water is liquid water under pressure at temperatures between the usual boiling point, 100 °C (212 °F) and the critical temperature, 374 °C (705 °F).