AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The plus end of one-a hydrogen atom-associates with the minus end of another-an oxygen atom. These attractions are an example of hydrogen bonds, weak interactions that form between a hydrogen with a partial positive charge and a more electronegative atom, such as oxygen.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hydrogen bonding forms in liquid water as the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule are attracted towards the oxygen atom of a neighboring water molecule. In a water molecule (H2O), the oxygen nucleus with +8 charges attracts electrons better than the hydrogen nucleus with its +1 charge.

Detailed explanation-3: -While there is no net charge to a water molecule, the polarity of water creates a slightly positive charge on hydrogen and a slightly negative charge on oxygen, contributing to water’s properties of attraction. Water’s charges are generated because oxygen is more electronegative, or electron loving, than hydrogen.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hydrogen bonds are attractions of electrostatic force caused by the difference in charge between slightly positive hydrogen ions and other, slightly negative ions. In the case of water, hydrogen bonds form between neighboring hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules.

Detailed explanation-5: -Each water molecule attracts other water molecules because of the positive and negative charges in the different parts of the molecule. Figure 2.3. 2: The electrons in the covalent bond connecting the two hydrogens to the atom of oxygen in a water molecule spend more time on the oxygen atom.