AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -According to the Bronsted Lowry concept of acids and bases, acid is a proton donor and base is a proton acceptor. Here HCl donates a proton to ammonia which accepts the proton forming a positively charged ammonium ion and a negatively charged chloride ion.

Detailed explanation-2: -Here, acids are defined as being able to donate protons in the form of hydrogen ions; whereas bases are defined as being able to accept protons. This took the Arrhenius definition one step further as water is no longer required to be present in the solution for acid and base reactions to occur.

Detailed explanation-3: -Because acids are proton donors, they act to increase [H+] when dissolved in water. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is dissolved in water, it dissociates to form H+ and Cl-. The release of H+ ions increases [H+] in the solution.