AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hydrogen bonds are attractions of electrostatic force caused by the difference in charge between slightly positive hydrogen ions and other, slightly negative ions. In the case of water, hydrogen bonds form between neighboring hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hydrogen bonding forms in liquid water as the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule are attracted towards the oxygen atom of a neighbouring water molecule; generally, a proton shared by two lone electron pairs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hydrogen bonding of water molecules The plus end of one-a hydrogen atom-associates with the minus end of another-an oxygen atom. These attractions are an example of hydrogen bonds, weak interactions that form between a hydrogen with a partial positive charge and a more electronegative atom, such as oxygen.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cohesion of water Cohesion refers to the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind, and water molecules have strong cohesive forces thanks to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another.

Detailed explanation-5: -As a result, the water molecule is “polar”, meaning the molecule has an unequal distribution of charge. The oxygen atom pulls the electrons away from the hydrogen atoms resulting in the oxygen atom having a partial negative charge (-