AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitosis occurs infinitely. The cells never die in cancer, as cancer cells can utilize telomerase to add many telomeric sections to the ends of DNA during DNA replication, allowing the cells to live much longer than other somatic cells. [3] With this mechanism, cancer cells that usually die simply continue to divide.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mitotic chromosomal instability-the inability to faithfully segregate equal chromosome complements to two daughter cells during mitosis-is a widespread phenomenon in solid tumours that is thought to serve as the fuel for tumorigenic progression.

Detailed explanation-3: -Activation of meiotic genes in somatic cells contribute to properties of tumor formation and progression. The re-expression of meiotic genes in somatic cancer cells is responsible for driving some of the hallmarks of cancers (shown in bold).

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations in genes can cause cancer by accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal controls on the system, such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. As a mass of cancerous cells grows, it can develop into a tumor.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues. Cancer is caused by changes to DNA. Most cancer-causing DNA changes occur in sections of DNA called genes. These changes are also called genetic changes.