AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Initiation and completion of DNA replication defines the beginning and ending of S phase of the cell cycle. Successful progression through S phase requires that replication be properly regulated and monitored to ensure that the entire genome is duplicated exactly once, without errors, in a timely fashion.

Detailed explanation-2: -S phase is the period during which DNA replication occurs.

Detailed explanation-3: -In S phase, the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus. It also duplicates a microtubule-organizing structure called the centrosome.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the eukaryotic cell cycle, chromosome duplication occurs during “S phase” (the phase of DNA synthesis) and chromosome segregation occurs during “M phase” (the mitosis phase).