AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sometimes, gene variants (also known as mutations) prevent one or more proteins from working properly. By changing a gene’s instructions for making a protein, a variant can cause a protein to malfunction or to not be produced at all.

Detailed explanation-2: -A missense mutation is a point mutation that changes a codon to indicate a different amino acid. This usually changes the polypeptide and therefore can change the function of the overall protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -A mutation in the amino acid sequence may alter the structure of a protein but it does not necessarily alter its function, although, the mutation at specific sites such as conserved residues can bring about a change in the structure and function of the protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -A frameshift mutation is one that will most likely cause a change in the protein’s structure and function.