AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During anaphase, the microtubules attached to the kinetochores contract, which pulls the sister chromatids apart and toward opposite poles of the cell (Figure 3c). At this point, each chromatid is considered a separate chromosome.

Detailed explanation-2: -Anaphase: During anaphase, the centromere splits, allowing the sister chromatids to separate.

Detailed explanation-3: -Enzymatic breakdown of cohesin-which linked the sister chromatids together during prophase-causes this separation to occur. Upon separation, every chromatid becomes an independent chromosome.

Detailed explanation-4: -As long as the sister chromatids are connected at the centromere, they are still considered to be one chromosome. However, as soon as they are pulled apart during cell division, each is considered a separate chromosome.

Detailed explanation-5: -In meiosis II, the sister chromatids separate, making haploid cells with non-duplicated chromosomes. Prophase II: Starting cells are the haploid cells made in meiosis I. Chromosomes condense. Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate to opposite ends of the cell.