AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -M phase involves two distinct division-related processes: mitosis and cytokinesis. In mitosis, the nuclear DNA of the cell condenses into visible chromosomes and is pulled apart by the mitotic spindle, a specialized structure made out of microtubules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cell division occurs during M phase, which consists of nuclear division (mitosis) followed by cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis). The DNA is replicated in the preceding S phase; the two copies of each replicated chromosome (called sister chromatids) remain glued together by cohesins.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cytokinesis begins in anaphase and ends in telophase, reaching completion as the next interphase begins.

Detailed explanation-4: -During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm splits in two and the cell divides. The process is different in plant and animal cells, as you can see in Figure 7.3. 8. In animal cells, the plasma membrane of the parent cell pinches inward along the cell’s equator until two daughter cells form.

Detailed explanation-5: -These basic events of mitosis include chromosome condensation, formation of the mitotic spindle, and attachment of chromosomes to the spindle microtubules. Sister chromatids then separate from each other and move to opposite poles of the spindle, followed by the formation of daughter nuclei.