AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -At the G2 checkpoint, the cell checks for: DNA damage.

Detailed explanation-2: -The G1 checkpoint determines whether all conditions are favorable for cell division to proceed. The G1 checkpoint, also called the restriction point (in yeast), is a point at which the cell irreversibly commits to the cell division process.

Detailed explanation-3: -These data indicate that the G1 checkpoint is activated in response to mitotic DNA damage in the presence of p53, and that the mitotic DNA damage response is connected to the G1 checkpoint by p53. If cells continue to possess damaged DNA, apoptosis is induced in a p53-dependent manner.

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, the G1 checkpoint ensures that the size of the cell is large enough to progress into the S phase and checks for the presence of DNA damage [26].

Detailed explanation-5: -In animal cells, the G1 phase checkpoint is called the restriction point, and in yeast cells it is called the start point.