AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mild DNA damage normally leads to the induction of cell-cycle arrest, whereas severe and irreparable injury shifts the cellular response towards induction of the senescence or cell death programs, such as apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe (MC), autophagy and necrosis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Necrosis can result from the combined effects of DNA damage, mitochondrial depolarization, or lysosomal enzymes released into the cytosol.

Detailed explanation-3: -Necrosis has been classically defined as an unprogrammed form of cell death that occurs in response to overwhelming chemical or physical insult. External forces that may lead to this accidental cell death include extreme physical temperature, pressure, chemical stress, or osmotic shock.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cell Necrosis Such noxious stimuli include infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites), oxygen deprivation or hypoxia, and extreme environmental conditions such as heat, radiation, or exposure to ultraviolet irradiation.