AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Normal Function. The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing (proliferating) too fast or in an uncontrolled way.

Detailed explanation-2: -The tumor suppressor proteins TSC1 and TSC2 form a complex that inhibits mTORC1 by acting as a GAP for the small GTPase and mTORC1 activator Rheb.

Detailed explanation-3: -p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that plays a major role in the protection of genomic stability and prevention of tumor development by directly activating several genes, including miRNAs, which promote DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.

Detailed explanation-4: -A tumor suppressor gene encodes a protein that acts to regulate cell division, keeping it in check. When a tumor suppressor gene is inactivated by a mutation, the protein it encodes is not produced or does not function properly, and as a result, uncontrolled cell division may occur.