AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Sometimes pieces from two different chromosomes will trade places with each other.

Detailed explanation-2: -The four main types of structural chromosomal aberrations are deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are two main types of translocations: reciprocal and Robertsonian. In a reciprocal translocation, two different chromosomes have exchanged segments with each other. In a Robertsonian translocation, an entire chromosome attaches to another at the centromere.

Detailed explanation-4: -Translocation: a mutation causing one portion of a chromosome to be moved to a different part of the chromosome (intrachromosomal) or to a different chromosome altogether (interchromosomal). There are two key types: reciprocal: segments from two different chromosomes are exchanged.

Detailed explanation-5: -Aneuploidy. This mutation either causes the loss or addition of a chromosome by the contortion of the chromosome set. Nondisjunction during meiosis or mitosis usually results in this mutation.