AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sex-linked, as related to genetics, refers to characteristics (or traits) that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes . In humans, the term often refers to traits or disorders influenced by genes on the X chromosome, as it contains many more genes than the smaller Y chromosome.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: Sex-related genes are often found on the X chromosome rather than the Y chromosome. Since the X chromosome consists of more genes it is always larger in size and is always dominant over Y chromosome. The Y chromosome is shorter and it consists of only 50 million base pairs and 78 genes.

Detailed explanation-3: -In humans and other mammals, biological sex is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes: XY in males and XX in females. Genes on the X chromosome are said to be X-linked. X-linked genes have distinctive inheritance patterns because they are present in different numbers in females (XX) and males (XY).

Detailed explanation-4: -X-linked recessive inheritance refers to genetic conditions associated with mutations in genes on the X chromosome. A male carrying such a mutation will be affected, because he carries only one X chromosome. A female carrying a mutation in one gene, with a normal gene on the other X chromosome, is generally unaffected.