AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In biology, homologous chromosomes are paired chromosomes. They essentially have the same gene sequence, loci (gene position), centromere location, and chromosomal length. Although they may have the same genetic sequence and loci, they may differ in alleles.

Detailed explanation-2: -In metaphase I of meiosis I, the pairs of homologous chromosomes, also known as bivalents or tetrads, line up in a random order along the metaphase plate. The random orientation is another way for cells to introduce genetic variation.

Detailed explanation-3: -What are Homologous Chromosomes? Homologous Chromosomes are made of chromosomal pairs of the same length and centromere positions for the genes corresponding to the same loci. Typically one of the chromosomes is inherited from the father and the other from the mother.

Detailed explanation-4: -Listen to pronunciation. (HEH-teh-roh-ZY-gus JEE-noh-tipe) The presence of two different alleles at a particular gene locus. A heterozygous genotype may include one normal allele and one mutated allele or two different mutated alleles (compound heterozygote).

Detailed explanation-5: -Heterozygous for a gene refers to when a homologous pair of chromosomes has different alleles of the same gene. A gene pair’s two alleles are found on homologous chromosomes. Alleles are a type of gene that differs from others.