AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Homologous chromosomes are two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the same genes, one from each parental source. In simpler terms, both of your parents provide a complete genome. Each parent provides the same 23 chromosomes, which encode the same genes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pairs of similar chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes. During meiosis, the pairs of homologous chromosome are divided in half to form haploid cells, and this separation, or assortment, of homologous chromosomes is random.

Detailed explanation-3: -In metaphase I of meiosis I, the pairs of homologous chromosomes, also known as bivalents or tetrads, line up in a random order along the metaphase plate. The random orientation is another way for cells to introduce genetic variation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father. For example, the two copies of Chromosome 1 in a cell would be referred to as homologous chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Homologous Chromosomes are made of chromosomal pairs of the same length and centromere positions for the genes corresponding to the same loci. Typically one of the chromosomes is inherited from the father and the other from the mother.