AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -For example, prior to undergoing meiosis, a cell goes through an interphase period in which it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and checks all of its systems to ensure that it is ready to divide. Like mitosis, meiosis also has distinct stages called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Detailed explanation-2: -The S phase of a cell cycle occurs during interphase, before mitosis or meiosis, and is responsible for the synthesis or replication of DNA. In this way, the genetic material of a cell is doubled before it enters mitosis or meiosis, allowing there to be enough DNA to be split into daughter cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cells must replicate their DNA before they can divide. This ensures that each daughter cell gets a copy of the genome, and therefore, successful inheritance of genetic traits.

Detailed explanation-4: -Meiosis begins with DNA replication, followed by a pairing of the maternal and paternal chromosomes (homologous pairing) and an exchange of genetic material between chromosomes by recombination (Fig. 1.1. 5).

Detailed explanation-5: -M phase (mitosis) is usually followed by cytokinesis. S phase is the period during which DNA replication occurs.