AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The chromosomes in a homologous pair each have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in different alleles. Some of the variants in these alleles might have functional implications while others will not.

Detailed explanation-2: -Each pair consists of chromosomes of the same size and shape, and they also contain the same genes. The chromosomes in a pair are known as homologous chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-3: -The two chromosomes in a homologous pair are very similar to one another and have the same size and shape. Most importantly, they carry the same type of genetic information: that is, they have the same genes in the same locations.

Detailed explanation-4: -The chromosomal pair which contains the maternal as well as the paternal chromatid of the same length and gene position, and are joined by the centromere is referred to as a homologous chromosome.

Detailed explanation-5: -Homologous chromosomes correspond to the chromosomes present on the same pair in contrast to non-homologous chromosomes where they are found on different pairs. Number of chromosomes in homologous pairs are based on the ploidy of that entity.