AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During anaphase, sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes for meiosis I), will separate and move to opposite poles of the cell, pulled by microtubules. In nondisjunction, the separation fails to occur causing both sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to be pulled to one pole of the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -During anaphase I, the homologous chromosome pairs separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers attached to the centrioles. This first cell division process is completed during telophase I.

Detailed explanation-3: -In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are separated. In prometaphase II, microtubules attach to the kinetochores of sister chromatids, and the sister chromatids are arranged at the midpoint of the cells in metaphase II. In anaphase II, the sister chromatids are separated.

Detailed explanation-4: -With meiosis, two rounds of anaphase occur. During anaphase 1, homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. With anaphase 2, the sister chromatids separate in much the same manner as mitotic anaphase.

Detailed explanation-5: -Figure 3: During anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell. During anaphase I, the microtubules disassemble and contract; this, in turn, separates the homologous chromosomes such that the two chromosomes in each pair are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell (Figure 3).