AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It starts with a diploid cell that has undergone chromosomal DNA replication: 2N chromosomes, 4X DNA content. Two successive divisions, with no additional DNA replication, results in 4 haploid gametes: 1N chromosomes, 1X DNA content. Meiosis sets the stage for Mendelian genetics.

Detailed explanation-2: -During meiosis, the ploidy is reduced from diploid (2n) to haploid (1n) in production of eggs and sperm. With the successful union of egg and sperm, the normal diploid (2n) complement of chromosomes is restored.

Detailed explanation-3: -In sexually reproducing organisms, the number of chromosomes in the body (somatic) cells typically is diploid (2n; a pair of each chromosome), twice the haploid (1n) number found in the sex cells, or gametes. The haploid number is produced during meiosis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Meiosis I is unique in that genetic diversity is generated through crossing over and random positioning of homologous chromosomes (bivalent chromosomes). In addition, in meiosis I, the chromosomal number is reduced from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) during this process.

Detailed explanation-5: -Meiosis is part of the sexual process because gametes (sperm, eggs) have one half the chromosomes as diploid (2N) individuals.