AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The synthesis and storage of ATP molecules required for cell division take place in G2 phase. G2 phase, or pre-mitotic phase is the third and final subphase of Interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding Mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated.

Detailed explanation-2: -Note: The shortest phase of the cell cycle is the Mitotic phase (M phase) and the longest phase of the cell cycle is G-1 phase.

Detailed explanation-3: -During the second gap phase, or G 2start subscript, 2, end subscript phase, the cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, and begins to reorganize its contents in preparation for mitosis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anaphase is the shortest phase of mitosis. In anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell. In metaphase, chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate.

Detailed explanation-5: -Research conducted during the last two decades supports that nuclear cytoplasmic cycling of important G2 checkpoint proteins – such as cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), Cyclin B1, Wee1 kinase (Wee1), and cell division control protein 25C (CDC25C) – is a key mechanism of G2 checkpoint regulation 5, 6, 7, 8.