AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are two types of cells in humans: somatic cells(body cells) and sex cells(gametes). In a human karyotype of a somatic cell, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 total chromosomes. There is only one set of chromosomes in a human sex cell (sperm or egg cell), 23 total chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are two types of chromosomes, autosomal (pairs 1-22) and sex (23rd pair). The chromosomes are numbered according to their size, the first chromosome pair being the longest and the twenty-second chromosome pair being the shortest. The 23rd pair is not always homologous. It can be XY or XX.

Detailed explanation-3: -As this karyotype displays, a diploid human cell contains 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. The cell has two sets of each chromosome; one of the pair is derived from the mother and the other from the father.

Detailed explanation-4: -Notice that homologous chromosomes are the same size, and have the same centromere positions and banding patterns.

Detailed explanation-5: -A karyotype is a visual display of all the chromosomes within a cell, which are arranged into their homologous pairs and then into descending size order.