AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitosis has begun chromosomes condense from long strands into rod like structures. The nuclear membrane dissolves. Paired chromatids align at the cell’s equator. The chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Metaphase Metaphase is a stage during the process of cell division (mitosis or meiosis). Normally, individual chromosomes are spread out in the cell nucleus. During metaphase, the nucleus dissolves and the cell’s chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Several DNA binding proteins catalyze the condensation process, including cohesin and condensin. Cohesin forms rings that hold the sister chromatids together, whereas condensin forms rings that coil the chromosomes into highly compact forms. The mitotic spindle also begins to develop during prophase.

Detailed explanation-4: -Chromatin condensation begins during prophase (2) and chromosomes become visible. Chromosomes remain condensed throughout the various stages of mitosis (2-5).

Detailed explanation-5: -Spindle. The spindle starts to form during prophase of mitosis. Kinetochores on the spindle attach to the centromeres of sister chromatids.