AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A homologous chromosome pertains to one of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, loci, chromosomal length, and centromere location. A homologous pair consists of one paternal and one maternal chromosome. In humans, there are a total of 46 chromosomes in the nucleus of a somatic cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father. For example, the two copies of Chromosome 1 in a cell would be referred to as homologous chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-3: -The homologous chromosome is the technical term for a pair of corresponding chromosomes of the same size and shape, one from each parent. A diploid cell has two copies of the chromosome; these are called the homologous chromosomes. Crossing-over happens between non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-4: -The sex chromosomes, X and Y, determine a person’s biological sex: XX specifies female and XY specifies male. These chromosomes are not true homologues and are an exception to the rule of the same genes in the same places.

Detailed explanation-5: -Homologous chromosomes correspond to the chromosomes present on the same pair in contrast to non-homologous chromosomes where they are found on different pairs. Number of chromosomes in homologous pairs are based on the ploidy of that entity.