AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Anaphase. After metaphase is complete, the cell enters anaphase. During anaphase, the microtubules attached to the kinetochores contract, which pulls the sister chromatids apart and toward opposite poles of the cell (Figure 3c). At this point, each chromatid is considered a separate chromosome.

Detailed explanation-2: -Anaphase: During anaphase, the centromere splits, allowing the sister chromatids to separate. The kinetochore spindle fibers shorten, allowing for 46 of the newly-freed chromatids to be dragged to one end of the cell and the remaining 46 chromatids to be dragged to the opposite end of the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -In anaphase II, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell. In telophase II, nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes decondense.

Detailed explanation-4: -During anaphase (b), the sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles of the cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -The chromosomes are separated by a structure called the mitotic spindle. The mitotic spindle is made of many long proteins called microtubules, which are attached to a chromosome at one end and to the pole of a cell at the other end. The sister chromatids are separated simultaneously at their centromeres.