AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Failures during the mitotic process or cytokinesis potentially cause the formation of cells with abnormal ploidy, such as aneuploidy or tetraploidy.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mitotic Errors and Cancer Such changes can alter control of the cell cycle. They can also activate genes known to be cancerous–oncogenes. Changes may also inactivate tumor-suppressing genes. There is evidence of multiple types of cancers that exhibit aneuploidy in their cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Recent work has provided insight into how mitotic errors shape cancer genomes by driving both numerical and structural alterations in chromosomes that contribute to tumor initiation and progression.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mistakes during mitosis lead to the production of daughter cells with too many or too few chromosomes, a feature known as aneuploidy. Nearly all aneuploidies that arise due to mistakes in meiosis or during early embryonic development are lethal, with the notable exception of trisomy 21 in humans.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cancer is the result of unchecked cell division caused by a breakdown of the mechanisms regulating the cell cycle. The loss of control begins with a change in the DNA sequence of a gene that codes for one of the regulatory molecules. Faulty instructions lead to a protein that does not function as it should.