AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -For example, DNA polymerase III does most of the elongation work, adding nucleotides one by one to the 3’ end of the new and growing single strand.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template.

Detailed explanation-3: -During elongation, an enzyme called DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the 3′ end of the template. Because DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides at the end of a backbone, a primer sequence, which provides this starting point, is added with complementary RNA nucleotides.

Detailed explanation-4: -DNA polymerase is responsible for the process of DNA replication, during which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied into two identical DNA molecules. Scientists have taken advantage of the power of DNA polymerase molecules to copy DNA molecules in test tubes via polymerase chain reaction, also known as PCR.

Detailed explanation-5: -DNA polymerase III starts adding nucleotides to the 3’-OH end of the primer. Elongation of both the lagging and the leading strand continues. RNA primers are removed by exonuclease activity.