AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In this process, ATP transfers one of its phosphate groups to the pump protein, forming ADP and a phosphorylated “intermediate” form of the pump.

Detailed explanation-2: -When one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis, energy is released, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Likewise, energy is also released when a phosphate is removed from ADP to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP).

Detailed explanation-3: -Usually only the outer phosphate is removed from ATP to yield energy; when this occurs ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), the form of the nucleotide having only two phosphates. ATP is able to power cellular processes by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule (a process called phosphorylation).

Detailed explanation-4: -When phosphate bonds are broken in ATP molecules, the energy produced as a result is harnessed by molecules such as enzymes and is used to power biochemical reactions that result in cellular work. ATP can be “re-energized” by adding an inorganic phosphate to a molecule of ADP which in turn will create ATP.

Detailed explanation-5: -Through metabolic processes, ATP becomes hydrolyzed into ADP, or further to AMP, and free inorganic phosphate groups. The process of ATP hydrolysis to ADP is energetically favorable, yielding Gibbs-free energy of-7.3 cal/mol.